- on graves includes the first fruits of the Holy Land, related to the offerings in the Temple and rituals (egg, vines, palm, olive, lulav and etrog), second – trees native to Poland and flowers as well, and thirdly - rosettes, flagella, garlands, wreaths and baskets full of fruit, taken from the ancient art or baroque. They can be read as a symbolic ornament or motif derived from the Tree of Life.

– a Biblical metaphor of a soul

 – symbol of mourning, loss of a mother or a guide.

 – sometimes it's really difficult to state whether they were used as a symbol or just as a decoration. Animals are often a reference to the name of the deceased. The lion corresponds with the name Ari, Leib, Löw (Loew), etc. The lion is also the symbol of the tribe of Judah. The deer is a reference to such names as Hirsch, Herschel, etc. The deer is a symbol of the tribe of Naphtali, Jacob's sixth son whose mother was Rachel's handmaid (Genesis 30: 7-8). The Talmud states: "Be as enduring as the tiger, as free as the eagle, as fleet as the deer, as strong as the lion, so as to fulfill the will of your Father in Heaven."

Candlesticks – Sabbath candlesticks or a menorah symbolize a grave of a woman. Traditionally when the candles have been lit, the Jewish woman waves her hands over the candlesticks three times, in a symbolic gesture of welcoming in the Shabbat

Books – mark a grave of a pious person who was keen on studying the Torah and the Talmud. Very often graves of important authors (writers) are decorated with the titles of their works.

Water Jug and Washing Bowl: The water jug and washing bowl is the symbol of the Levites, members of the priestly tribe of Levi. They have certain privileges in the synagogue service, one being the washing of the hands of the priest before the service.

Two hands: On Jewish tombstones you will sometimes see a symbol showing two hands arranged for the Priestly Blessing. This is a symbol of the Kohen or Cohen (Hebrew for priest). The plural form is Kohanim or Cohanim. Kohanim are assumed to be direct male descendants of Aaron, who was the first Kohen and the brother of Moses.